量具鑄件平板鑄造前的選材介紹

時間：2015/12/11 15:32:27 瀏覽量：410 1.生鐵
球墨鑄鐵用生鐵按GB1412-78選用，鑄造用生鐵按GB718-82選用。標準按化學成分將生鐵分為若干組、類、級，但不考慮含碳量。用戶根據(jù)含硅量選擇生鐵牌號，根據(jù)含錳量選擇組，根據(jù)含磷量選擇級，根據(jù)含硫量選擇類。具體選擇哪一種，要根據(jù)不同鑄件的要求。硅和錳不是有害無素，可根據(jù)需要選擇。
2.鐵合金
常用的各類合金必須按其合金含量分類保管，不得混雜。
對所有金屬爐料都必須提出塊度要求。如生鐵、廢鋼和回爐料塊度過大，不僅降低熔化速度，而且爐料容易搭棚，使熔化過程不能正常進行，從而降低鐵水質量。而鐵合金如果塊度太大則不易熔化，造成鐵水化學成分不穩(wěn)定，塊度太小，則容易氧化。生產(chǎn)球墨鑄鐵用的球化劑，目前國內普遍采用稀土鎂合金，這種合金已有商品供應，但鑄造廠往往根據(jù)鑄件材質需要及原材料情況自己熔制中間合金。自制時，為保證成分的均勻，每熔制一批，經(jīng)集中破碎混合后，取樣五個（每個一小包）進行成分分析，然后取平均值。稀土鎂合金的塊度對球化質量有重要的影響，尤其是用沖入法球化處理時。粒度太小，沸騰強烈，合金的吸收率降低，造成球化不良；粒度太大熔化及沸騰滯后太多，合金容易漂起，也降低吸收率。
3.各種金屬材料
新金屬料的純凈程度要比生鐵和廢鋼要求高得多，困此材料入庫后應保存在通風良好、潔凈和無腐蝕介質的環(huán)境中。材料應按牌號、爐號分類堆放在有防潮能力的材料（如木板）上，不得與吸水物質和其他金屬接觸。
熔制有色合金時，還要用到各種金屬材料，如鋁、鎂、銅、鋅、鉛、錫、銻、鎳、錳等。這種新金屬料包括一次工業(yè)純金屬和一次合金。一次合金大都由冶金廠供應，有時也可以是鑄造廠熔制的預制合金錠，可用它直接重熔而制得工作合金。
4.廢鋼
一般應使用普通碳素鋼和低合金結構鋼，特殊鋼未經(jīng)技術主管部門同意不得用作廢鋼。表面有嚴重銹蝕（厚度超過1mm）時，需用清理滾筒或其他方法除銹后才可使用。廢鋼進廠后應進行仔細檢查，將混入的鑄鐵，高合金鋼和有色合金排揀干凈，對成分不明的廢鋼應取樣分析或火花鑒別，然后按成分分別堆放。
5.回爐料

回爐料主要是澆冒口和廢鑄件。回爐料不得有嚴重的銹蝕、油污及泥砂雜質，不同牌號的回爐料應分類堆放，不得混雜。否則，不僅合金液的成分不易控制，而且一種合金的成分對另一種合金來說可能是有害雜質，如果相互混雜可能降低合金的力學性能或出現(xiàn)缺陷。例如鑄鐵中如果混入鋁鎂等合金可能使鑄件產(chǎn)生針孔，混入碲、鉍等激列反石墨化的無素，將使鑄鐵和球墨鑄鐵形成白口組織。鐵對鋁合金來說是有害雜質。

1. Pig iron
The pig iron for ductile iron is selected according to GB1412-78, and the pig iron for casting is selected according to GB718-82. The standard divides pig iron into several groups, classes and grades according to chemical composition, but does not consider carbon content. The user selects the pig iron grade according to the silicon content, selects the group according to the manganese content, selects the grade according to the phosphorus content, and selects the class according to the sulfur content. Which one to choose depends on the requirements of different castings. Silicon and manganese are not harmful and can be selected as needed.
2. Ferroalloy
The commonly used alloys must be classified according to their alloy content and must not be mixed.
Block requirements must be imposed on all metal charge. If the pig iron, scrap steel and the returning material block are too large, not only the melting speed is lowered, but also the charging material is easy to be shed, so that the melting process cannot be performed normally, thereby reducing the quality of the molten iron. However, if the iron alloy is too large, it is not easy to be melted, and the chemical composition of the molten iron is unstable, and the blockiness is too small, so that it is easily oxidized. The spheroidizing agent used for the production of ductile iron is currently widely used in China. This alloy is commercially available, but the foundry often fuses the intermediate alloy according to the material requirements of the casting and the raw materials. When self-made, in order to ensure the uniformity of the ingredients, each batch is melted, and after being crushed and mixed by concentration, five (one small packet each) are sampled for component analysis, and then averaged. The blockiness of the rare earth magnesium alloy has an important influence on the spheroidization quality, especially when it is spheroidized by the punching method. The particle size is too small, the boiling is strong, the absorption rate of the alloy is lowered, resulting in poor spheroidization; the particle size is too large to melt and the boiling lag is too much, the alloy is easy to float, and the absorption rate is also lowered.
3. Various metal materials
The purity of new metal materials is much higher than that of pig iron and scrap steel. When this material is stored, it should be stored in a well ventilated, clean and non-corrosive medium. Materials should be stacked on materials with moisture resistance (such as wood boards) according to grades and furnace numbers, and should not be in contact with absorbent materials and other metals.
When melting non-ferrous alloys, various metal materials such as aluminum, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead, tin, antimony, nickel, manganese, etc. are used. This new metal material includes primary industrial pure metals and primary alloys. Most of the alloys are supplied by metallurgical plants, and sometimes they can be prefabricated alloy ingots that are melted by the foundry. They can be directly remelted to produce working alloys.
4. Scrap steel
Ordinary carbon steel and low alloy structural steel should generally be used. Special steel shall not be used as scrap without the consent of the technical authority. When there is severe corrosion on the surface (thickness over 1mm), it can be used after removing the rust by cleaning the drum or other methods. Scrap steel should be carefully inspected after entering the factory. The cast iron, high alloy steel and non-ferrous alloy should be sorted clean. Scrap steel with unknown composition should be sampled or analyzed by sparks and then stacked separately according to the composition.
5. Back to the charge
The reheating materials are mainly pouring risers and waste castings. The material returned to the furnace shall not have serious rust, oil and mud and sand impurities. The recycled materials of different grades shall be piled up in a sorted manner and shall not be mixed. Otherwise, not only is the composition of the alloy liquid difficult to control, but the composition of one alloy may be a harmful impurity to another alloy, and if mixed, the mechanical properties or defects of the alloy may be lowered. For example, if an alloy such as aluminum or magnesium is mixed in the cast iron, pinholes may be formed in the casting, and the anti-graphitization of the crucible or the crucible may be mixed to form a white-mouth structure of the cast iron and the ductile iron. Iron is a harmful impurity to aluminum alloys.

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Registered address: jiaohe development zone, botou city, hebei province
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Contact information: 15369812793 (WeChat with the same number)  liansheng chu
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Account Opening Bank: Botou Branch of Bank of China
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