我們用哪些方法來調整鑄鐵平板的硬度

時間：2015/12/10 14:48:23 瀏覽量：395 鑄鐵平臺材料抵抗局部變形特別是塑性變形、壓痕或劃痕的能力稱為硬度，鑄鐵平臺硬度指標常用布氏硬度（HB）表示，標準為HB170-240之間的，根據工件的具體的用途，硬度一般不會超過這個范圍值。
布氏硬度試驗的原理。將一定直徑的鋼球或硬質合金球以規(guī)定的試驗壓力壓入鑄鐵平臺表面，保持一定時間后卸除試驗力，測量表面壓痕直徑，用試驗力除以壓痕表面面積來計算硬度，其壓痕越小，布氏硬度值越大，也就是硬度越高。
調整鑄鐵平臺硬度的方法就是鑄鐵的孕育處理了，這是最常用的方法，通常在出爐后的鐵水中緩緩加入孕育劑，孕育處理之后的灰鑄鐵，硬度會趨于均勻，改善了機械加工的性能，也增加了灰鑄鐵的強度。
鑄鐵平臺鑄件的硬度不夠，那么鑄件就很容易變形，損壞。像劃線平臺，鑄鐵檢驗平板，鑄鐵平尺，鑄鐵彎板，V型架等檢驗測量類的工具不能準確的使用，直接影響檢測工件的數(shù)據的準確性。用化學成分調整硬度是最常用的方法。通常主要是通過調整C的含量調整硬度，調整范圍通常是2.9-3.5 其次是si，通常的范圍是1.5-2.4%這兩種元素含量越高，硬度越低，含量越低，硬度越高。

布氏硬度最主要適用于測定鑄鐵平臺等灰鑄鐵、有色金屬、各種軟鋼等硬度不太高的材料。布氏硬度能較準確的反映出金屬材料的平均性能。另外由于布氏硬度與其他力學性能（如抗拉強度）之間存在著一定的近似關系因而在工業(yè)生產中得到廣泛應用。

The ability of cast iron platform material to resist local deformation, especially plastic deformation, indentation or scratch is called hardness. The hardness index of cast iron platform is commonly expressed as Brinell hardness (HB). The standard is between HB170 and 240. According to the specific use of the workpiece, the hardness will not exceed this range.
Principle of Brinell hardness test. The steel ball or cemented carbide ball with a certain diameter is pressed into the surface of the cast iron platform with the prescribed test pressure. After holding a certain time, the test force is removed, the indentation diameter is measured, and the hardness is calculated by dividing the test force by the indentation surface area. The smaller the indentation, the larger the Brinell hardness value, that is, the higher the hardness.
The method of adjusting the hardness of cast iron platform is the inoculation treatment of cast iron, which is the most commonly used method. Usually, inoculant is slowly added to molten iron after blast furnace. After inoculation, the hardness of gray iron will tend to be uniform, which improves the performance of mechanical processing and also increases the strength of gray iron.
If the hardness of cast iron platform castings is not enough, the castings will be easily deformed and damaged. Such as scribed platform, cast iron inspection plate, cast iron ruler, cast iron bending plate, V-frame and other inspection and measurement tools can not be used accurately, which directly affects the accuracy of the data of the detection workpiece. Hardness adjustment by chemical composition is the most commonly used method. The hardness is usually adjusted by adjusting the content of C. The adjusting range is usually 2.9-3.5 followed by si. The higher the content of these two elements is, the lower the hardness is, the lower the content is, the higher the hardness is.
Brinell hardness is most suitable for the determination of gray cast iron, non-ferrous metals, soft steel and other materials with low hardness. Brinell hardness can accurately reflect the average properties of metal materials. In addition, Brinell hardness is widely used in industrial production because of its approximate relationship with other mechanical properties, such as tensile strength.

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