美制螺紋塞環(huán)規(guī)常規(guī)使用的測量方法

時間：2015/12/10 14:46:11 瀏覽量：473 1、螺紋校對量規(guī)綜合測量:

螺紋校對量規(guī)用于綜合測量螺紋作用中徑，是國家標準GB3934-2003及計量檢定規(guī)程JJG 888-1995規(guī)定對普通螺紋測量結(jié)果最終的判定方法。該方法源于1905年英國人發(fā)明的泰勒原則。螺紋環(huán)規(guī)的通端用螺紋校對量規(guī)，TT、TZ及Zs檢驗；止端用ZT、ZZ及ZS檢驗 。它的優(yōu)點是具有較好的經(jīng)濟性，可以保證裝配，對于生產(chǎn)工藝水平較高的制造商，在螺距、半角有保證的情況下，使用它可以較好地控制螺紋質(zhì)量。它的缺點是螺紋的質(zhì)量保證水平低，存在技術(shù)漏洞。比如無法知道螺紋單個參數(shù)的具體尺寸值，而且由于螺紋環(huán)規(guī)本身精度較高，螺紋校對量規(guī)的公差與螺紋環(huán)規(guī)的公差少不了多少，同樣都合格的兩個校對規(guī)可能出現(xiàn)相反的結(jié)果，存在許多爭議。另外由于螺紋環(huán)規(guī)規(guī)格的多樣性，對于檢測機構(gòu)來說，螺紋校對量規(guī)很難全部配齊。

2、測長機測量單一中徑:

用測長機測量螺紋環(huán)規(guī)的單一中徑有兩種方式，一種是測鉤，一種是T形雙球量桿。通過接觸法以標準環(huán)規(guī)與被測螺紋環(huán)規(guī)進行比較測量得出螺紋環(huán)規(guī)的單一中徑 J。該方法的優(yōu)點是對于M4以上的螺紋環(huán)規(guī)基本都能夠檢測，所以該方法在經(jīng)濟許可的情況下應(yīng)用較為普遍。但是由于測長機測量的是螺紋環(huán)規(guī)的單一中徑，它與校對規(guī)的方法有時是矛盾的。比如螺紋環(huán)規(guī)成橢圓形，校對規(guī)與測長機的測量結(jié)果往往是相反的。另外由于單一中徑測量結(jié)果通常是根據(jù)螺距、牙形角的名義值計算出來的。所以對于螺距、半角控制不嚴的情況存在較大的不確定因素。而且對于許多美國制造的的三段式可調(diào)式螺紋環(huán)規(guī)，由于其不是規(guī)則的圓形，環(huán)規(guī)實際作用的地方一般不在測量軸線上，所以測量結(jié)果會比實際值大許多。

3、螺紋輪廓掃描型儀測量全參數(shù):

螺紋產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量對于產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定和安全起著關(guān)鍵的作用。對于航空、航天、交通運輸、橋梁、管道和氣液存儲產(chǎn)品等，螺紋產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量更是會影響到工程安全和生命財產(chǎn)的安全。螺紋的質(zhì)量在這些重要場合必須得到完全的保障。但是螺紋是復雜的空間曲面體，它由許多幾何參數(shù)構(gòu)成的，而螺紋校對量規(guī)及測長機只是控制綜合的作用中徑及單一中徑，其他參數(shù)則無法控制，合格性判斷經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)爭議。如果要完全控制螺紋質(zhì)量，則需要對螺紋的所有參數(shù)進行單獨檢測才能準確地確定螺紋的質(zhì)量。螺紋輪廓掃描型儀器能夠在螺紋軸向剖面的上、下輪廓表面連續(xù)測量圓柱或圓錐螺紋塞、環(huán)規(guī)的中徑、大徑、小徑、螺距、牙型半角、錐度等。該種儀器的出現(xiàn)使螺紋量規(guī)的全參數(shù)測量成為可能，它與一般輪廓儀有著本質(zhì)的區(qū)別。制造商可根據(jù)這些信息對加工機器或工具做相應(yīng)調(diào)整，計量工作者可對測量結(jié)果進行詳細的鑒定和評估。由于螺紋環(huán)規(guī)本身的公差較小，儀器測量中徑的不確定度必須達到3 m或更小，螺距的不確定度必須達到1 m或更小。該種儀器的缺點是只能在軸向剖面的上、下輪廓表面掃描，對于三段式可調(diào)式螺紋環(huán)規(guī)，則與測長機一樣無法準確測量。而且其昂貴的價格及用途的單一對于其普及性有一定影響。

1. Comprehensive measurement of thread proofreading gauge:
Thread proofreading gauge is used to measure the acting diameter of threads synthetically. It is the final judgment method for measuring results of common threads stipulated in national standard GB3934-2003 and measurement verification regulation JJG 888-1995. This method derives from the Taylor Principle invented by the British in 1905. Thread proofreading gauge, TT, TZ and Zs test are used at the general end of thread ring gauge, and ZT, ZZ and ZS test are used at the end of thread ring gauge. Its advantage is that it has better economy and can ensure assembly. For manufacturers with higher production technology, it can control the quality of threads better when the pitch and half angle are guaranteed. Its disadvantage is that the quality assurance level of threads is low and there are technical loopholes. For example, it is impossible to know the specific size values of single thread parameters, and because of the high accuracy of the thread ring gauge itself, the tolerances of the thread proofreading gauge and the thread ring gauge are not much less. The two proofreading gauges which are equally qualified may have opposite results, and there are many disputes. In addition, due to the diversity of thread ring gauge specifications, it is very difficult for the testing institutions to complete the thread proofreading gauge.
2. Length measuring machine measures single diameter:
There are two ways to measure the single diameter of thread ring gauge with length measuring machine, one is hook, the other is T-shaped double ball measuring rod. The single diameter J of the thread ring gauge is obtained by comparing the standard ring gauge with the thread ring gauge measured by the contact method. The advantage of this method is that the thread ring gauge above M4 can be detected basically, so this method is widely used under the circumstances of economic permission. But because the length measuring machine measures the single diameter of the screw ring gauge, it sometimes contradicts the method of proofreading gauge. For example, the thread ring is elliptical, and the measuring results of the proofreading gauge and the length machine are often contrary. In addition, the measurement results of single pitch are usually calculated according to the nominal values of pitch and conodont angle. Therefore, there are large uncertainties in the case of loose pitch and half angle control. And for many three-section adjustable screw ring gauges manufactured in the United States, because they are not regular circular, the actual role of the ring gauge is generally not on the measurement axis, so the measurement results will be much larger than the actual value.
3. Thread Profile Scanner Measures Full Parameters:
The quality of threaded products plays a key role in the stability and safety of products. For aviation, aerospace, transportation, bridges, pipelines and gas-liquid storage products, the quality of threaded products will affect the safety of engineering and life and property. Thread quality must be fully guaranteed in these important occasions. But thread is a complex space surface, which is composed of many geometric parameters. Thread proofreading gauge and length measuring machine only control the synthetic function diameter and single diameter. Other parameters can not be controlled, and the judgment of qualifications is often controversial. If the quality of thread is to be controlled completely, all parameters of thread need to be tested separately to determine the quality of thread accurately. The screw contour scanner can continuously measure the diameter, diameter, pitch, half-angle and taper of cylindrical or conical thread plugs, ring gauges on the upper and lower contour surfaces of the thread axial profile. The appearance of this instrument makes it possible to measure the full parameters of thread gauge, which is essentially different from general profilometer. The manufacturer can adjust the processing machine or tool according to the information, and the metrologist can appraise and evaluate the measurement results in detail. Because the tolerance of the thread ring gauge itself is small, the uncertainty of measuring diameter must reach 3 m or less, and the uncertainty of pitch must reach 1 m or less. The disadvantage of this instrument is that it can only scan the upper and lower contours of the axial section. For the three-section adjustable screw ring gauge, it can not be measured accurately as long as the machine. And its high price and single use have a certain impact on its popularity.

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